Detection and localization of hepatitis viruses in liver tissue are vital for diagnostic purposes and clinical management . Viral antigen detection, by immunochemistry (IHC), in liver biopsies is an attractive option for precise localization and quantification of viral proteins with direct access to histological patterns. This Intermediate Level course describes studies using IHC methods effective on fixed, archived specimens, including liver biopsies and surgical resection samples to analyze Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C.

At the completion of this course the reader will be able to:

1. List the areas of the body where immune cells are located.
2. Describe the three different types (features) of an immune response.
3. List the different cells of the immune system and recall the function of each.
4. Recall what immune tolerance is.
5. List the major disorders of the immune system, giving examples of each.